This paper considers a Markovian retrial queueing system with an optional service, unreliable server, balking and feedback.An arriving customer can avail of immediate service if the server is free.If the potential customer encounters a busy server, it may either join the orbit or balk the system.The customers may retry their request for service fro

Abstract Background Immunization has been an important public health intervention for preventing and reducing child morbidity and mortality over the years and coverage has increased in the past decades.However, the validity of the data from immunization coverages is usually disputed.Immunization data from health facilities show poor concordance bet

Well-annotated gene and genomic sequences serve as a foundation for making inferences in molecular biology and evolution and can directly impact public health.The first SARS-CoV-2 genome was submitted to the GenBank database hosted by the U.S.National Center for Biotechnology Information and used to develop the two successful vaccines.Conserved pro

Mixed-signal 3D-ICs have a stacked structure of digital and analog circuit chips.In this study, the effect of noise propagation from a digital circuit on an analog circuit was evaluated using an actual mixed-signal Wall Shelf 3D-IC.The noise propagation via through-silicon vias (TSVs) was measured, with a ring-oscillator as a noise source.For a com